ref: aaab1698b4edaf9d1e6a3c6b466bd6ff063f9bd8
dir: /libentcode/mfrngenc.c/
#include <stddef.h>
#include "entenc.h"
#include "mfrngcod.h"
/*A multiply-free range encoder.
See mfrngdec.c and the references for implementation details
\cite{Mar79,MNW98,SM98}.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Mar79,
author="Martin, G.N.N.",
title="Range encoding: an algorithm for removing redundancy from a digitised
message",
booktitle="Video \& Data Recording Conference",
year=1979,
address="Southampton",
month=Jul
}
@ARTICLE{MNW98,
author="Alistair Moffat and Radford Neal and Ian H. Witten",
title="Arithmetic Coding Revisited",
journal="{ACM} Transactions on Information Systems",
year=1998,
volume=16,
number=3,
pages="256--294",
month=Jul,
URL="http://dev.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tois/1998-16-3/p256-moffat/"
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{SM98,
author="Lang Stuiver and Alistair Moffat",
title="Piecewise Integer Mapping for Arithmetic Coding",
booktitle="Proceedings of the {IEEE} Data Compression Conference",
pages="1--10",
address="Snowbird, UT",
month="Mar./Apr.",
year=1998
}*/
/*Outputs a symbol, with a carry bit.
If there is a potential to propogate a carry over several symbols, they are
buffered until it can be determined whether or not an actual carry will
occur.
If the counter for the buffered symbols overflows, then the range is
truncated to force a carry to occur, towards whichever side maximizes the
remaining range.*/
static void ec_enc_carry_out(ec_enc *_this,int _c){
if(_c!=EC_SYM_MAX){
/*No further carry propogation possible, flush buffer.*/
int carry;
carry=_c>>EC_SYM_BITS;
/*Don't output a byte on the first write.
This compare should be taken care of by branch-prediction thereafter.*/
if(_this->rem>=0)ec_byte_write1(_this->buf,_this->rem+carry);
if(_this->ext>0){
unsigned sym;
sym=EC_SYM_MAX+carry&EC_SYM_MAX;
do ec_byte_write1(_this->buf,sym);
while(--(_this->ext)>0);
}
_this->rem=_c&EC_SYM_MAX;
}
else _this->ext++;
}
static void ec_enc_normalize(ec_enc *_this){
/*If the range is too small, output some bits and rescale it.*/
while(_this->rng<=EC_CODE_BOT){
ec_enc_carry_out(_this,(int)(_this->low>>EC_CODE_SHIFT));
/*Move the next-to-high-order symbol into the high-order position.*/
_this->low=_this->low<<EC_SYM_BITS&EC_CODE_TOP-1;
_this->rng<<=EC_SYM_BITS;
}
}
void ec_enc_init(ec_enc *_this,ec_byte_buffer *_buf){
_this->buf=_buf;
_this->rem=-1;
_this->ext=0;
_this->low=0;
_this->rng=EC_CODE_TOP;
}
void ec_encode(ec_enc *_this,unsigned _fl,unsigned _fh,unsigned _ft){
unsigned r;
unsigned s;
unsigned d;
int nrm;
/*Step 1: we want ft in the range of [rng/2,rng).
The high-order bits of the rng and ft are computed via a logarithm.
This could also be done on some architectures with some custom assembly,
which would provide even more speed.*/
nrm=EC_ILOG(_this->rng)-EC_ILOG(_ft);
/*Having the same high order bit may be too much.
We may need to shift one less to ensure that ft is actually in the proper
range.*/
_ft<<=nrm;
d=_ft>_this->rng;
_ft>>=d;
nrm-=d;
/*We then scale everything by the computed power of 2.*/
_fl<<=nrm;
_fh<<=nrm;
/*Step 2: compute the two values of the partition function.
d is the splitting point of the interval [0,ft).*/
d=_this->rng-_ft;
r=_fh+EC_MINI(_fh,d);
s=_fl+EC_MINI(_fl,d);
/*Step 3: Update the end-point and range of the interval.*/
_this->low+=s;
_this->rng=r-s;
/*Step 4: Normalize the interval.*/
ec_enc_normalize(_this);
}
void ec_enc_done(ec_enc *_this){
/*We compute the integer in the current interval that has the largest number
of trailing zeros, and write that to the stream.
This is guaranteed to yield the smallest possible encoding.*/
if(_this->low){
unsigned end;
end=EC_CODE_TOP;
/*Ensure that the end value is in the range.*/
if(end-_this->low>=_this->rng){
unsigned msk;
msk=EC_CODE_TOP-1;
do{
msk>>=1;
end=(_this->low+msk)&~msk|msk+1;
}
while(end-_this->low>=_this->rng);
}
/*The remaining output is the next free end.*/
while(end){
ec_enc_carry_out(_this,end>>EC_CODE_SHIFT);
end=end<<EC_SYM_BITS&EC_CODE_TOP-1;
}
}
/*If we have a buffered byte...*/
if(_this->rem>=0){
unsigned char *p;
unsigned char *buf;
/*Flush it into the output buffer.*/
ec_enc_carry_out(_this,0);
/*We may be able to drop some redundant bytes from the end.*/
buf=ec_byte_get_buffer(_this->buf);
p=buf+ec_byte_bytes(_this->buf)-1;
/*Strip trailing zeros.*/
while(p>=buf&&!p[0])p--;
/*Strip one trailing EC_FOF_RSV1 byte if the buffer ends in a string of
consecutive EC_FOF_RSV1 bytes preceded by one (or more) zeros.*/
if(p>buf&&p[0]==EC_FOF_RSV1){
unsigned char *q;
q=p;
do q--;
while(q>buf&&q[0]==EC_FOF_RSV1);
if(!q[0])p--;
}
ec_byte_writetrunc(_this->buf,p+1-buf);
}
}