ref: 6f1cbca519ad1daa59093135da13d9de575e65eb
dir: /tools/celtenc.c/
/* Copyright (c) 2002-2007 Jean-Marc Valin
Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Xiph.Org Foundation
Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Gregory Maxwell
File: celtenc.c
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- Neither the name of the Xiph.org Foundation nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include "config.h"
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#if !defined WIN32 && !defined _WIN32
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_GETOPT_H
#include <getopt.h>
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_GETOPT_LONG
#include "getopt_win.h"
#endif
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "celt.h"
#include "celt_header.h"
#include <ogg/ogg.h>
#include "wav_io.h"
#if defined WIN32 || defined _WIN32
/* We need the following two to set stdout to binary */
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#include "skeleton.h"
void comment_init(char **comments, int* length, char *vendor_string);
void comment_add(char **comments, int* length, char *tag, char *val);
/*Write an Ogg page to a file pointer*/
int oe_write_page(ogg_page *page, FILE *fp)
{
int written;
written = fwrite(page->header,1,page->header_len, fp);
written += fwrite(page->body,1,page->body_len, fp);
return written;
}
#define MAX_FRAME_SIZE 2048
#define MAX_FRAME_BYTES 1024
#define IMIN(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) /**< Minimum int value. */
#define IMAX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) /**< Maximum int value. */
/* Convert input audio bits, endians and channels */
static int read_samples(FILE *fin,int frame_size, int bits, int channels, int lsb, short * input, char *buff, celt_int32 *size)
{
unsigned char in[MAX_FRAME_SIZE*2];
int i;
short *s;
int nb_read;
if (size && *size<=0)
{
return 0;
}
/*Read input audio*/
if (size)
*size -= bits/8*channels*frame_size;
if (buff)
{
for (i=0;i<12;i++)
in[i]=buff[i];
nb_read = fread(in+12,1,bits/8*channels*frame_size-12, fin) + 12;
if (size)
*size += 12;
} else {
nb_read = fread(in,1,bits/8*channels* frame_size, fin);
}
nb_read /= bits/8*channels;
/*fprintf (stderr, "%d\n", nb_read);*/
if (nb_read==0)
return 0;
s=(short*)in;
if(bits==8)
{
/* Convert 8->16 bits */
for(i=frame_size*channels-1;i>=0;i--)
{
s[i]=(in[i]<<8)^0x8000;
}
} else
{
/* convert to our endian format */
for(i=0;i<frame_size*channels;i++)
{
if(lsb)
s[i]=le_short(s[i]);
else
s[i]=be_short(s[i]);
}
}
/* FIXME: This is probably redundent now */
/* copy to float input buffer */
for (i=0;i<frame_size*channels;i++)
{
input[i]=(short)s[i];
}
for (i=nb_read*channels;i<frame_size*channels;i++)
{
input[i]=0;
}
return nb_read;
}
void add_fishead_packet (ogg_stream_state *os) {
fishead_packet fp;
memset(&fp, 0, sizeof(fp));
fp.ptime_n = 0;
fp.ptime_d = 1000;
fp.btime_n = 0;
fp.btime_d = 1000;
add_fishead_to_stream(os, &fp);
}
/*
* Adds the fishead packets in the skeleton output stream along with the e_o_s packet
*/
void add_fisbone_packet (ogg_stream_state *os, celt_int32 serialno, CELTHeader *header) {
fisbone_packet fp;
memset(&fp, 0, sizeof(fp));
fp.serial_no = serialno;
fp.nr_header_packet = 2 + header->extra_headers;
fp.granule_rate_n = header->sample_rate;
fp.granule_rate_d = 1;
fp.start_granule = 0;
fp.preroll = 3;
fp.granule_shift = 0;
add_message_header_field(&fp, "Content-Type", "audio/x-celt");
add_fisbone_to_stream(os, &fp);
}
void version(void)
{
printf ("celtenc (CELT %s encoder)\n",CELT_VERSION);
printf ("Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Xiph.Org Foundation (written by Jean-Marc Valin)\n");
}
void version_short(void)
{
printf ("celtenc (CELT %s encoder)\n",CELT_VERSION);
printf ("Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Xiph.Org Foundation (written by Jean-Marc Valin)\n");
}
void usage(void)
{
printf ("Usage: celtenc [options] input_file output_file.oga\n");
printf ("\n");
printf ("Encodes input_file using CELT. It can read the WAV or raw files.\n");
printf ("\n");
printf ("input_file can be:\n");
printf (" filename.wav wav file\n");
printf (" filename.* Raw PCM file (any extension other than .wav)\n");
printf (" - stdin\n");
printf ("\n");
printf ("output_file can be:\n");
printf (" filename.oga compressed file\n");
printf (" - stdout\n");
printf ("\n");
printf ("Options:\n");
printf (" --bitrate n Encoding bit-rate in kbit/sec\n");
printf (" --vbr Use variable bitrate encoding\n");
printf (" --comp n Encoding complexity (0-10)\n");
printf (" --framesize n Frame size (Default: 256)\n");
printf (" --noltp Do not use long-term prediction\n");
printf (" --independent Encode frames independently (implies noltp)\n");
printf (" --skeleton Outputs ogg skeleton metadata (may cause incompatibilities)\n");
printf (" --comment Add the given string as an extra comment. This may be\n");
printf (" used multiple times\n");
printf (" --author Author of this track\n");
printf (" --title Title for this track\n");
printf (" -h, --help This help\n");
printf (" -v, --version Version information\n");
printf (" -V Verbose mode (show bit-rate)\n");
printf ("Raw input options:\n");
printf (" --rate n Sampling rate for raw input\n");
printf (" --mono Consider raw input as mono\n");
printf (" --stereo Consider raw input as stereo\n");
printf (" --le Raw input is little-endian\n");
printf (" --be Raw input is big-endian\n");
printf (" --8bit Raw input is 8-bit unsigned\n");
printf (" --16bit Raw input is 16-bit signed\n");
printf ("Default raw PCM input is 16-bit, little-endian, mono\n");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int nb_samples, total_samples=0, nb_encoded;
int c;
int option_index = 0;
char *inFile, *outFile;
FILE *fin, *fout;
short input[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
celt_int32 frame_size = 256;
int quiet=0;
int nbBytes;
CELTMode *mode;
void *st;
unsigned char bits[MAX_FRAME_BYTES];
int with_vbr = 0;
int with_skeleton = 0;
int total_bytes = 0;
int peak_bytes = 0;
struct option long_options[] =
{
{"bitrate", required_argument, NULL, 0},
{"vbr",no_argument,NULL, 0},
{"comp", required_argument, NULL, 0},
{"noltp", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"independent", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"framesize", required_argument, NULL, 0},
{"skeleton",no_argument,NULL, 0},
{"help", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"quiet", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"le", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"be", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"8bit", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"16bit", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"mono", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"stereo", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"rate", required_argument, NULL, 0},
{"version", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"version-short", no_argument, NULL, 0},
{"comment", required_argument, NULL, 0},
{"author", required_argument, NULL, 0},
{"title", required_argument, NULL, 0},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
int print_bitrate=0;
celt_int32 rate=44100;
celt_int32 size;
int chan=1;
int fmt=16;
int lsb=1;
ogg_stream_state os;
ogg_stream_state so; /* ogg stream for skeleton bitstream */
ogg_page og;
ogg_packet op;
int bytes_written=0, ret, result;
int id=-1;
CELTHeader header;
char vendor_string[64];
char *comments;
int comments_length;
int close_in=0, close_out=0;
int eos=0;
float bitrate=-1;
char first_bytes[12];
int wave_input=0;
celt_int32 lookahead = 0;
int bytes_per_packet=48;
int complexity=-127;
int prediction=2;
int bitstream;
/*Process command-line options*/
while(1)
{
c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "hvV",
long_options, &option_index);
if (c==-1)
break;
switch(c)
{
case 0:
if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"bitrate")==0)
{
bitrate = atof (optarg);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"vbr")==0)
{
with_vbr=1;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"skeleton")==0)
{
with_skeleton=1;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"help")==0)
{
usage();
exit(0);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"quiet")==0)
{
quiet = 1;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"version")==0)
{
version();
exit(0);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"version-short")==0)
{
version_short();
exit(0);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"le")==0)
{
lsb=1;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"be")==0)
{
lsb=0;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"8bit")==0)
{
fmt=8;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"16bit")==0)
{
fmt=16;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"stereo")==0)
{
chan=2;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"mono")==0)
{
chan=1;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"rate")==0)
{
rate=atoi (optarg);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"comp")==0)
{
complexity=atoi (optarg);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"framesize")==0)
{
frame_size=atoi (optarg);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"noltp")==0)
{
if (prediction>1)
prediction=1;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"independent")==0)
{
prediction=0;
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"comment")==0)
{
if (!strchr(optarg, '='))
{
fprintf (stderr, "Invalid comment: %s\n", optarg);
fprintf (stderr, "Comments must be of the form name=value\n");
exit(1);
}
comment_add(&comments, &comments_length, NULL, optarg);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"author")==0)
{
comment_add(&comments, &comments_length, "author=", optarg);
} else if (strcmp(long_options[option_index].name,"title")==0)
{
comment_add(&comments, &comments_length, "title=", optarg);
}
break;
case 'h':
usage();
exit(0);
break;
case 'v':
version();
exit(0);
break;
case 'V':
print_bitrate=1;
break;
case '?':
usage();
exit(1);
break;
}
}
if (argc-optind!=2)
{
usage();
exit(1);
}
inFile=argv[optind];
outFile=argv[optind+1];
/*Initialize Ogg stream struct*/
srand(time(NULL));
if (ogg_stream_init(&os, rand())==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error: stream init failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (with_skeleton && ogg_stream_init(&so, rand())==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error: stream init failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (strcmp(inFile, "-")==0)
{
#if defined WIN32 || defined _WIN32
_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
#elif defined OS2
_fsetmode(stdin,"b");
#endif
fin=stdin;
}
else
{
fin = fopen(inFile, "rb");
if (!fin)
{
perror(inFile);
exit(1);
}
close_in=1;
}
{
fread(first_bytes, 1, 12, fin);
if (strncmp(first_bytes,"RIFF",4)==0 && strncmp(first_bytes,"RIFF",4)==0)
{
if (read_wav_header(fin, &rate, &chan, &fmt, &size)==-1)
exit(1);
wave_input=1;
lsb=1; /* CHECK: exists big-endian .wav ?? */
}
}
if (bitrate<=0.005)
if (chan==1)
bitrate=64.0;
else
bitrate=128.0;
bytes_per_packet = (bitrate*1000*frame_size/rate+4)/8;
if (bytes_per_packet < 8) {
bytes_per_packet=8;
fprintf (stderr, "Warning: Requested bitrate (%0.3fkbit/sec) is too low. Setting CELT to 8 bytes/frame.\n",bitrate);
} else if (bytes_per_packet > MAX_FRAME_BYTES) {
bytes_per_packet=MAX_FRAME_BYTES;
fprintf (stderr, "Warning: Requested bitrate (%0.3fkbit/sec) is too high. Setting CELT to %d bytes/frame.\n",bitrate,MAX_FRAME_BYTES);
}
if (with_vbr)
{
/*In VBR mode the bytes_per_packet argument becomes a hard maximum. 3x the average rate is just a random choice.*/
bytes_per_packet=IMIN(bytes_per_packet*3,MAX_FRAME_BYTES);
} else {
bitrate = ((rate/(float)frame_size)*8*bytes_per_packet)/1000.0;
}
mode = celt_mode_create(rate, frame_size, NULL);
if (!mode)
return 1;
celt_mode_info(mode,CELT_GET_BITSTREAM_VERSION,&bitstream);
snprintf(vendor_string, sizeof(vendor_string), "Encoded with CELT %s (bitstream: %d)\n",CELT_VERSION,bitstream);
comment_init(&comments, &comments_length, vendor_string);
/*celt_mode_info(mode, CELT_GET_FRAME_SIZE, &frame_size);*/
celt_header_init(&header, mode, chan);
header.nb_channels = chan;
{
char *st_string="mono";
if (chan==2)
st_string="stereo";
if (!quiet)
if (with_vbr)
fprintf (stderr, "Encoding %d Hz %s audio in %d sample packets at %0.3fkbit/sec (%d maximum bytes per packet) with bitstream version %d\n",
header.sample_rate, st_string, frame_size, bitrate, bytes_per_packet,bitstream);
else
fprintf (stderr, "Encoding %d Hz %s audio in %d sample packets at %0.3fkbit/sec (%d bytes per packet) with bitstream version %d\n",
header.sample_rate, st_string, frame_size, bitrate, bytes_per_packet,bitstream);
}
/*Initialize CELT encoder*/
st = celt_encoder_create(mode, chan, NULL);
if (with_vbr)
{
int tmp = (bitrate*1000);
if (celt_encoder_ctl(st, CELT_SET_VBR_RATE(tmp)) != CELT_OK)
{
fprintf (stderr, "VBR request failed\n");
return 1;
}
}
if (celt_encoder_ctl(st, CELT_SET_PREDICTION(prediction)) != CELT_OK)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Prediction request failed\n");
return 1;
}
if (complexity!=-127) {
if (celt_encoder_ctl(st, CELT_SET_COMPLEXITY(complexity)) != CELT_OK)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Only complexity 0 through 10 is supported\n");
return 1;
}
}
if (strcmp(outFile,"-")==0)
{
#if defined WIN32 || defined _WIN32
_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
#endif
fout=stdout;
}
else
{
fout = fopen(outFile, "wb");
if (!fout)
{
perror(outFile);
exit(1);
}
close_out=1;
}
if (with_skeleton) {
fprintf (stderr, "Warning: Enabling skeleton output may cause some decoders to fail.\n");
}
/* first packet should be the skeleton header. */
if (with_skeleton) {
add_fishead_packet(&so);
if ((ret = flush_ogg_stream_to_file(&so, fout))) {
fprintf (stderr,"Error: failed skeleton (fishead) header to output stream\n");
exit(1);
} else
bytes_written += ret;
}
/*Write header*/
{
unsigned char header_data[100];
int packet_size = celt_header_to_packet(&header, header_data, 100);
op.packet = header_data;
op.bytes = packet_size;
op.b_o_s = 1;
op.e_o_s = 0;
op.granulepos = 0;
op.packetno = 0;
ogg_stream_packetin(&os, &op);
while((result = ogg_stream_flush(&os, &og)))
{
if(!result) break;
ret = oe_write_page(&og, fout);
if(ret != og.header_len + og.body_len)
{
fprintf (stderr,"Error: failed writing header to output stream\n");
exit(1);
}
else
bytes_written += ret;
}
op.packet = (unsigned char *)comments;
op.bytes = comments_length;
op.b_o_s = 0;
op.e_o_s = 0;
op.granulepos = 0;
op.packetno = 1;
ogg_stream_packetin(&os, &op);
}
/* fisbone packet should be write after all bos pages */
if (with_skeleton) {
add_fisbone_packet(&so, os.serialno, &header);
if ((ret = flush_ogg_stream_to_file(&so, fout))) {
fprintf (stderr,"Error: failed writing skeleton (fisbone )header to output stream\n");
exit(1);
} else
bytes_written += ret;
}
/* writing the rest of the celt header packets */
while((result = ogg_stream_flush(&os, &og)))
{
if(!result) break;
ret = oe_write_page(&og, fout);
if(ret != og.header_len + og.body_len)
{
fprintf (stderr,"Error: failed writing header to output stream\n");
exit(1);
}
else
bytes_written += ret;
}
free(comments);
/* write the skeleton eos packet */
if (with_skeleton) {
add_eos_packet_to_stream(&so);
if ((ret = flush_ogg_stream_to_file(&so, fout))) {
fprintf (stderr,"Error: failed writing skeleton header to output stream\n");
exit(1);
} else
bytes_written += ret;
}
if (!wave_input)
{
nb_samples = read_samples(fin,frame_size,fmt,chan,lsb,input, first_bytes, NULL);
} else {
nb_samples = read_samples(fin,frame_size,fmt,chan,lsb,input, NULL, &size);
}
if (nb_samples==0)
eos=1;
total_samples += nb_samples;
nb_encoded = -lookahead;
/*Main encoding loop (one frame per iteration)*/
while (!eos || total_samples>nb_encoded)
{
id++;
/*Encode current frame*/
nbBytes = celt_encode(st, input, frame_size, bits, bytes_per_packet);
if (nbBytes<0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Got error %d while encoding. Aborting.\n", nbBytes);
break;
}
nb_encoded += frame_size;
total_bytes += nbBytes;
peak_bytes=IMAX(nbBytes,peak_bytes);
if (wave_input)
{
nb_samples = read_samples(fin,frame_size,fmt,chan,lsb,input, NULL, &size);
} else {
nb_samples = read_samples(fin,frame_size,fmt,chan,lsb,input, NULL, NULL);
}
if (nb_samples==0)
{
eos=1;
}
if (eos && total_samples<=nb_encoded)
op.e_o_s = 1;
else
op.e_o_s = 0;
total_samples += nb_samples;
op.packet = (unsigned char *)bits;
op.bytes = nbBytes;
op.b_o_s = 0;
/*Is this redundent?*/
if (eos && total_samples<=nb_encoded)
op.e_o_s = 1;
else
op.e_o_s = 0;
op.granulepos = (id+1)*frame_size-lookahead;
if (op.granulepos>total_samples)
op.granulepos = total_samples;
/*printf ("granulepos: %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", (int)op.granulepos, id, nframes, lookahead, 5, 6);*/
op.packetno = 2+id;
ogg_stream_packetin(&os, &op);
/*Write all new pages (most likely 0 or 1)*/
while (ogg_stream_pageout(&os,&og))
{
ret = oe_write_page(&og, fout);
if(ret != og.header_len + og.body_len)
{
fprintf (stderr,"Error: failed writing header to output stream\n");
exit(1);
}
else
bytes_written += ret;
}
}
/*Flush all pages left to be written*/
while (ogg_stream_flush(&os, &og))
{
ret = oe_write_page(&og, fout);
if(ret != og.header_len + og.body_len)
{
fprintf (stderr,"Error: failed writing header to output stream\n");
exit(1);
}
else
bytes_written += ret;
}
if (with_vbr && !quiet)
fprintf (stderr, "Average rate %0.3fkbit/sec, %d peak bytes per packet\n", (total_bytes*8.0/((float)nb_encoded/header.sample_rate))/1000.0, peak_bytes);
celt_encoder_destroy(st);
celt_mode_destroy(mode);
ogg_stream_clear(&os);
if (close_in)
fclose(fin);
if (close_out)
fclose(fout);
return 0;
}
/*
Comments will be stored in the Vorbis style.
It is describled in the "Structure" section of
http://www.xiph.org/ogg/vorbis/doc/v-comment.html
The comment header is decoded as follows:
1) [vendor_length] = read an unsigned integer of 32 bits
2) [vendor_string] = read a UTF-8 vector as [vendor_length] octets
3) [user_comment_list_length] = read an unsigned integer of 32 bits
4) iterate [user_comment_list_length] times {
5) [length] = read an unsigned integer of 32 bits
6) this iteration's user comment = read a UTF-8 vector as [length] octets
}
7) [framing_bit] = read a single bit as boolean
8) if ( [framing_bit] unset or end of packet ) then ERROR
9) done.
If you have troubles, please write to [email protected].
*/
#define readint(buf, base) (((buf[base+3]<<24)&0xff000000)| \
((buf[base+2]<<16)&0xff0000)| \
((buf[base+1]<<8)&0xff00)| \
(buf[base]&0xff))
#define writeint(buf, base, val) do{ buf[base+3]=((val)>>24)&0xff; \
buf[base+2]=((val)>>16)&0xff; \
buf[base+1]=((val)>>8)&0xff; \
buf[base]=(val)&0xff; \
}while(0)
void comment_init(char **comments, int* length, char *vendor_string)
{
int vendor_length=strlen(vendor_string);
int user_comment_list_length=0;
int len=4+vendor_length+4;
char *p=(char*)malloc(len);
if(p==NULL){
fprintf (stderr, "malloc failed in comment_init()\n");
exit(1);
}
writeint(p, 0, vendor_length);
memcpy(p+4, vendor_string, vendor_length);
writeint(p, 4+vendor_length, user_comment_list_length);
*length=len;
*comments=p;
}
void comment_add(char **comments, int* length, char *tag, char *val)
{
char* p=*comments;
int vendor_length=readint(p, 0);
int user_comment_list_length=readint(p, 4+vendor_length);
int tag_len=(tag?strlen(tag):0);
int val_len=strlen(val);
int len=(*length)+4+tag_len+val_len;
p=(char*)realloc(p, len);
if(p==NULL){
fprintf (stderr, "realloc failed in comment_add()\n");
exit(1);
}
writeint(p, *length, tag_len+val_len); /* length of comment */
if(tag) memcpy(p+*length+4, tag, tag_len); /* comment */
memcpy(p+*length+4+tag_len, val, val_len); /* comment */
writeint(p, 4+vendor_length, user_comment_list_length+1);
*comments=p;
*length=len;
}
#undef readint
#undef writeint